Social psychologists have tended to take the situationist perspective, whereas personality psychologists have promoted the dispositionist perspective. An internal factor is an attribute of a person and includes personality traits and temperament. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958). Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situational and Dispositional Influences on Behaviorīehavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). In this chapter, we discuss the intrapersonal processes of self-presentation, cognitive dissonance and attitude change, and the interpersonal processes of conformity and obedience, aggression and altruism, and, finally, love and attraction. Thus, social psychology studies individuals in a social context and how situational variables interact to influence behavior. Social psychologists focus on how people construe or interpret situations and how these interpretations influence their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (Ross & Nisbett, 1991). \): Social psychology deals with all kinds of interactions between people, spanning a wide range of how we connect: from moments of confrontation to moments of working together and helping others, as shown here.
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